Blog #4

Reading Summaries:

Selection 12:

This selection, based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment focused on four major findings after an introduction, which stated that 60% of all ecosystems being examined were being degraded or used unsustainably. The first of the four components of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was that over the past 50 years, we have changed ecosystems way faster than any other period of time in our history. This is the result of the lack of resources needed for our growing population. One reason behind this could be the fact that in the last 30 years, more land has been transformed into cropland than in the time period of 1700-1850. Also the demand for water has increased, doubling the removal since 1960. The second finding was the changes that actually have progressed, show substantial net gains in human well-being and economic formation. In fact, the agricultural labour force accounts for 22% of the population. The third states that the degradation of ecosystems could worsen in our century and therefore stops the ability of the goals of Millennium Development. There are 4 major categories in this section: global orchestration, order from strength, adapting mosaic, and technogarden. Each of the categories take these 3 factors into account: hunger, child mortality, and disease. The final finding is idea of reversing degradation of ecosystems, but at the same time meet demands for these services. This concept involves changes to policies, institutions, and practices. There have been some positive outcomes- for example, the protected areas cover 11.7% of terrestrial surface. The five drivers of change are also stated: population change, change in economic activity, sociopolitical factors, cultural factors, and technological change. 

Selection 31:
This article discusses the connection of cancer and peoples exposure to the environment. The author states that the majority of cancer is not hereditary (only 15% of colon cancer is hereditary) but rather is 'sporatic' (85%). Sandra Steingraber explains how cancer has to do with the environmental carcinogens that we are exposed to such as pesticides and chemicals in cleaning agents. She actually says that environmentally causing cancers are a form of homocide. She raises a valid point that we should all take into consideration.
Selection 32:
This selection explains how disruptive synthetic chemicals have alterted hormones in both animals and humans. DES, a hormone drug, has been given to pregnant woman, as well as animals but we are seeing the effect on animals more rapidly as they mature quicker than humans. This author is stressing how, if disruptors threaten survival of animals, they threaten our human future as well. Because these hormones were being ignored while they were killing animals, the stage of warning signs is now over and we simply payed no attention to them which puts us in a negative state.
Selection 34:
This was an interesting reading about environmental discrimination to the poorer areas of the US. In 1979 in Houston, the very first lawsuit to challenge environmental discrimination took place as 80% of their garbage landfills were in the Black neighborhoods of Houston. Also, the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice in 1987 was a movement that rose questions about discrimination in regards to pollution as 3/4 Black people lived in areas that had rejected toxic waste sites. This is seen as discrimination as it is against the US law to not give individuals equal rights. The author also states that everybody deserves to have the same protection, no matter where they live; everybody deserves to be guarded from pollution.
Selection 10:
This article discusses the green salt marshes that run along the Eastern Coast of North America. They are a beautiful part of nature that have a distinct smell and sound. There have been dangers that pose a threat to this area as pollution has become a major issue, in which humans are to blame. The authors then lists some preservation techniques that could help such as roads that can be built to preserve the area, but as they explain, the "battle between forces of development and conservation need to be won only once by developers but to be fought and won every year for conservation to succeed." Another interesting fact that the authors point out is that this area needs to be protected fully in order to have any real effect.


Activity:
I chose to view the Waterlife Documentary. I found it very impacting and wanted to share it with my friends and family because it triggered an important issue that I believe needs to be raised. The whole idea of the documentary was to capture the audience's attention by making it interactive (clicking on pictures to find out more information, having background music to stimulate people, and by having people talking made me pay attention to every word). The director did a great job at this. The documentary was spilt up into 21 different categories (such as shipping, wetlands, evaporating, healing, change, international...etc.) that each explained how water is effecting the Great Lakes, negatively and positively. There were many statistics such as the myth about bottled water and how it is just packaged tap water that has gone through a few filters, or that only 1/2 of the Great Lakes wetlands remain, or that zebra mussels have taken over the Great Lakes ecosystem within a span of a year, 1996 to 1997. Also, that 35 million people rely on the Great Lakes (30% are from Canada and 10% are from the US). I found this statistic very interesting because not only do we need to protect the Great Lakes because they are helpful to so many people, but that we actually depend on this water in Canada, and in order to keep it healthy and pure for the next generation, we must protect every aspect and area of the 5 Great Lakes immediately. After watching this detailed presentation, it made me think that we must start sustaining these lakes and maybe realizing what is happening is the first step.


Reflection:

A representation of Love Canal

I found all of the readings very intriguing as they were all discussing different environmental issues within the world today. The first reading (12), discussed 4 basic ideas that would help make our environment more sustainable, which made me appreciate and take time to reflect on our world. By just realizing the steps that can be made, is half the battle, in my opinion. The second reading (31) was quite alarming as it explained the awful effects that the environment can have on humans. On a more positive note, it helped raise awareness which I think is very important because again, people just need to be informed in order to start any kind of action. The third reading (32), in my opinion, was very informative about the detrimental effects of hormones on humans. I was not aware that if the animals are being threatened, then our future is definitely going to be at risk too. I found it very sad that this conclusion has been made and we must do something about it as soon as possible. The fourth reading, (34), reminded me of a vocabulary term: Environmental Justice: refers to inequitable environmental burdens borne by groups such as racial minorities, residents of economically disadvantaged areas, or residents of developing nations. I found this reading the most emotional. It is so unfortunate that our world is so corrupt as to actually put burdens on people who are less fortunate. This does not mean their rights are lower than anyone else, we all have the right to live in a protected area. This also reminded me of the story of Love Canal that we learned in class, which is quite disturbing and disappointing. The final reading (10), was quite heart-wrenching as well. I think society needs to realize that there are areas in the world that actually need to be protected, and not just talked about. I found it sad that it takes an environmental disaster, such as Japan for example, for people to realize the severity of these issues. We need to start protecting the environment, and we need to start now. The Waterlife Documentary that I viewed was also very impacting. I found the effects in the media that the director used to be very passionate to the subject of water as well. It reminded me of the vocabulary term: Affluenza: A painful, contagious, socially transmitted condition of overload, debt, anxiety and waste resulting from the dogged pursuit of more. 


Blog Reflection #1: Take some time to consider your core values and how you might live according to these values more fully.
My values are spending time with family, having a responsible environmental footprint, living life to the fullest, living for God, being productive with my time...etc. In a lot of my core values that I have reflected on, I realized that time is essential for every one of them. After hearing the guest speaker, Rob Altemeyer, and hearing him put stress on the factor of time, I realized that I need to cut out time in order to live my life according to these values! I need to realize what is important in life and actually do those things because I am responsible and in charge of every decision I make, whether it is watching TV, or going on a walk with a family member. I think the media has taken over many people's time, and when you think about it, time is a key factor, that no one is getting back. I need to prioritize my time and spend it more efficiently to meet my values.

Works Cited

Easton, Thomas. 2009. Environmental Studies. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. 41, 42, 48-54, 157-164, 172-174 p. 

Muenchhausen. http://muenchhausen.blogspot.com/


CBC. 2010. Bottled water: How much do you drink? http://www.cbc.ca/news/pointofview/2010/05/bottled-water-how-much-do-you-drink.html


The Daily Green. Drink Safe Water. http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/breast-cancer-risk-factors/prevent-breast-cancer-drinking-water-47100103

Bottled Water: How much do you drink?





Sustainable Water Use Management

-M.C. 7663041

Blog #3

Reading Summaries:

Selection 29:

The author of this selected reading explains three different farming techniques: conventional, organic animal-based, and organic legume-based cropping. Conventional cropping is a system where fertilizer and herbicides are used. This type of farming is not organic. Organic animal-based cropping is where grain is grown for animal seed and not for money. Mechanical cultivation is used for weed control instead of herbicides. Organic legume-based cropping is a technique where grain is grown for cash without livestock being used. 

Out of all three techniques, the conventional system yielded a higher crop and the soybean yield was the same for all systems not including the year 1988. 

There are also consequences to organic farming: nitrogen deficiency and weed competition. The benefits to this type of farming are: soil organic matter and nitrogen increases, nitrate levels increase, and the idea of traditional organic farming is being used. 

Selection 41:

The author of this reading has introduced the subject of gender and diversity being linked, particularly women and nature's diversity. These two concepts are both seen as inferior. Diversity is the major concept when it comes to women's rights and politics. An interesting point raised by the author, is crop uniformity, which completely diminishes the idea of biodiversity. In order to have biodiversity, there must be 'conservation of livelihoods' as stated by the author. There is also discussion about genetically engineered food and it's multiple risks involved.

Selection 9:

This selection discusses the impact that human's have on global ecosystems. Human's use of the land changes how ecosystems work dramatically. For example, the ocean's ecosystem is being affected increasingly as algal blooms and marine food chains are being interrupted by human activity. Carbon, water, nitrogen, synthetic organic chemicals, and other cycles all are being negatively altered by human activity. For example, carbon is the major resource for photosynthesis, water is limited for human use, the nitrogen cycle has consequences, and PCB's from synthetic organic chemicals are a major concern to human well-being, just to name a few that the author has included in the reading. Also, the author explains that we have to start changing the way we deal with human activity today because it will affect the near future. There are two concepts that the author shares to do now to control the future: slow down human population growth and use resources in a more productive way. 

Activity: 

I watched How food shapes our cities by Carolyn Steel. I found it very interesting as I had never known about this concept she explained. She expressed how food has always been the core aspect of the geological makeup of cities. 10,000 years ago, agriculture and urbanism was introduced at the same time because the two concepts need each other to strive. Meat, fish, and grain all came from different paths on the map of cities which is why certain streets are named after food, she explains. Steel focused a lot on the importance that food has and how it can be a powerful tool for creating a better world. She emphasizes that food should be central to our world and people must learn to value it more. After all, it is what has shaped our cities which creates an important relationship with humans and nature. I found her talk to be quite interesting, and it led me to believe and think that food needs to be a central point in our lives, because that is where it is the most natural. This, in itself, will be a stepping stone to the change our world needs today. 

Reflection:

I thought the activity I did was very interesting, as I had never thought about or heard of that concept before. It made me realize that we need to start caring about where our food comes from and discover that food is more than just a basic need. It is central to our world, cities, and families. This has made me want to appreciate food as a social and environmental aspect more. 

I watched the above video in ENVR 1000, and I think this excerpt really applies to what we are discussing in ENVR 2000. It is a good reminder about where our food actually is coming from, and the future of our food. Everybody should know this information and should be aware of what actually is going on with our food systems today. 

Blog Reflection #1: Consider your food system. What do you like about it? What do you dislike about it?Consider taste, nutrition, cost, equity, and environmental issues.

Personally, I think that our food system here in Winnipeg should be modified. For example, I dislike how a lot of our produce sold in most supermarkets, is not locally grown. After viewing the film Fresh, in class, my outlook on where my food is coming from changed dramatically. I realized the importance of locally grown food and how unavailable it is to a large portion of the population. I do like how we have local farmer's markets located in our city, but that is usually only seasonal, which poses a problem. Also, the food that is available, that is locally or organically grown, can be quite expensive which creates a drawback for many consumers. The major problem with our food system right now, is that the resources are extremely unavailable to people, so many chose quick and easy food choices which are not always the healthiest or environmentally friendly.

Blog Reflection #2: What role, if any, should zoos play in conservation/education? Is it ethical to keep animals in a zoo? If so, what size/type of animal or zoo? Do you enjoy visiting zoos?

After our class lecture on zoos, my outlook on them has changed slightly. I have always thought that it was wrong to keep animals in a cage, removing them completely from their natural habitat, but at the same time, the zoo has always been a positive memory for me growing up. I believe that zoos are a great educational tool for children, as it is a place to learn, have fun, and for the first time possibly, gain a connection with the environment/animals. I definitely think zoos should continue to have a role in education and conservation, but modifications may be beneficial. The way zoos are run now is quite unethical from the animals point of view. It seems as though the only needs being met are of human needs, and the animals get the bare minimum amount of care. If animals were treated with more respect and had a more natural place to call home in the zoo, they would gain. The zoo would have to increase in size in order for this to happen, which may lead to other issues too. A lot of thought and planning would have to go into this decision, but I believe that the end results would be positive for both the animals and humans. I do enjoy visiting zoos, and always have. This comes back to the point of zoos being a comfortable place for humans. Zoos have succeeded in caring for human needs, but things need to change for the animals necessities. 

Baby monkey in Dubai Zoo (http://uaepixs.blogspot.com/2009/08/please-dont-keep-them-in-captivity.html)

Works Cited

Easton, T. 2009. Classic Edition Sources: Environmental Studies. Volume 3. New York: McGraw Hill Companies. [33-39, 146-151, 209-212]

http://uaepixs.blogspot.com/2009/08/please-dont-keep-them-in-captivity.html


-M.C.
7663041

Blog #2

Reading Summaries:
Selection 4-A Sand Country Almanac
This particular selection is an investigation of ethics in relation to the ecological communities we live in today. It discusses the relation between the land and the individual person, and what our roles as humans are in regards to the land we live on. The author actually states that the way our educational and economic system is set up, we are acting as if we are unaware of the land we live on and use.
"The Community Concept: The Individual is a member of a community of interdependant parts"
"Land Ethic: Enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals."
These two ideas discussed in the reading, explain the two separate views: the individual, and the land.
Selection 6-Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis
This reading, actually has quite a different outlook on the crisis our planet is in today. The author looks back on history of the Western traditions, Medieval views, and Christian views of nature.
The Western Tradition: The author explains that science that is successful is from Western culture. We actually got a lot of our scientific practices from the Middle Ages period.
Medieval View: This particular view on nature revolves around the idea that humans and are distinctly two separate ideas. Man, however is higher than nature in this particular view.
Christian View: That man is made in God's image not just a part of nature.
Alternative Christian View: However we chose to treat the planet, has to do with our relationship with nature.
Selection 15-More Profit with Less Carbon
This selection discusses how businesses can actually benefit from energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The key point here is, that it should be done correctly by lowering costs and at the same time creating a more energy efficient system. There are many examples of improvements that have already occurred: Compact fluorescent lamps, PGE's experiment with smart design, and RMI mines. Transportation also can have a major effect on reducing our worlds carbon emissions. The author states that we must remodel the modern car to make it more energy efficient and also to use oil instead of natural gas. The next point the author makes is how we must use renewable energy sources instead of coal. The final point stated is that these problems in fact will save us money in the future and will help our environment which will create a better system.
Selection 16-Reinventing the Energy System
This article explains how we need to change our energy system today in order to save future generations. The author focuses on the point that our society needs to switch to just meeting our basic needs instead of what were doing today. Also, the problems that are occurring today are 'ending climatic stability that has endured over the past 10,000 years.' (pg.72) The main point of this selection, is to emphasize that in order to help protect the future generations, we must base our society on renewable energy.
Selection 26-Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis
This particular reading is quite different from the other assigned selections because it includes a fact based style of writing. The author focuses on greenhouse gas emissions effect on the planet and states that in the past 11 out of 12 past years have been the warmest since 1850. IPCC then explains other factors that  explain why greenhouse gas emissions are high: high sea levels, ice melting, temperatures higher in Arctic, and more lengthly droughts. The next set of information is based on why our planet is at high risk. The author comes to the conclusion that all these events are occurring because of greenhouse gases. Also it is pointed out, that, even if greenhouse gases are reduced, it will take a long time for them to actually be removed from our planet.
Selection 28-Food Scarcity: An Environmental Wakeup Call
This selection explains how food is at risk as long as our environment is unsustainable. The author Lester Brown explains how the food system is linked to the economy and will decline accordingly. He also points out that water is a major problem because it is declining. Also, he makes an interesting point that there needs to be 'balance between people and food.' This is important to note because it will not only help us today, but our future generations as well. Later on in the paper, he discusses that by reducing carbon emissions, we will help save the future of food. He says that 'stabilizing population and climate' are the hardest factors to control in regards to food supply. The only way to achieve that however, is to change our lifestyles and create a whole new economy which is more sustainable.


Activity:
Jason Clay: How Big Brands can help save biodiversity

CNN money.com: Fixing Farming

Jason Clay's video on biodiversity and brand names had quite a unique outlook that I had not considered or have come across before. His talk was about the problems that our planet is facing and how we can help to stop them. He explained it as "Population X Consumption=unequal." His explanation for this figure is our everyday lifestyles and how they are unfair and unequal, and that our consumption must go down or else we will not be able to save our planet. He then explains how sustainability must be achieved by everyone working together. He showed 100 companies that are in control of the world's products and expressed that 25% of the 100 companies control 15 commodities that will change our planet. A company he pointed out was Cargill who are already practicing sustainability. He ends with a quote that is very influential "Not what to think, its how to think"-Jason Clay.
This video shows us as a society that we must start thinking about the products we consume and how they are affecting the future of our planet.


Reflection:
After reading all of the selections and viewing Jason Clay's talk, I found that our planet needs to achieve two goals in order to become a better place: become more environmentally sustainable and to improve energy efficiency. Those two aspects really were emphasized for me personally and made me want to change the way I live in order to help the future of our planet. I realized that our society needs to change emotionally and intellectually in order to understand and put these practices of sustainably living in place. Also, after watching the video in class, Fresh, I was very intrigued in what my family was eating and where the food came from. It showed me as an individual, that I need to be aware of this because it not only will effect my health, but will help our environment in the future because of sustainability, which is a common theme of the crisis we currently are in.


Blog Reflection #1:Where do your environmental ethics lie? Anthropocentic, Biocentric, or Ecocentric?
My ethics are more towards the anthropocentric view. I believe that humans do have power and control over nature but at the same time, we must take care of nature. I think that nature has been created to take care of itself, but what we as humans have done over the years has had a major effect on nature and therefore we must fix the problems that have occurred. Man is higher than nature, but it is our responsibility to monitor and take control of environmental issues at hand.


Blog Reflection #2: Can parks meet its dual mandate of access and protection? How can this be achieved in Wapusk?
Yes, I believe this can be achieved in a careful and well thought-out way. Because parks are home to many animals in Wapusk we must preserve the protected area that is left for them to live in. If are consistent with the plan, animals will survive but at the same time people will be able to visit parks for their own pleasure. There just needs to be a concrete plan that does not change, so that animals living in the area of Wapusk will not be threatened to keep moving their habitat. Personally, I believe that the majority of the land should be kept as it is naturally created for the animals to roam and live on, and if needed, land that needs to be used for oil drilling be kept to a minimum area. The main problem with this is that oil companies need to change their thinking in regards to the animals safety, if that is achieved, this problem can be positive for everybody.


Blog Reflection #3: What future would you like to see for the Alberta Tar Sands Project? (Continue current path, stop development entirely, some modified continuation)
I would like to see some modified continuation for the Alberta Tar Sands Project because obviously Alberta and Canada depend on it's resources but I think that they can improve the amount of damage being done to the environment at the same time. If they are not too extreme on either side of the spectrum (damaging the environment or retrieving oil), a lot more people will be happier about Fort McMurray and the negative effects that the tar sands have on the people today.

Works Cited

Gunther, Marc. CNN Money. Wired[Online] Avail from:    http://money.cnn.com/2008/05/21/news/companies/gunther_farming.fortune/index.htm File: Fixed Farming [2008, May 22]

Easton, Thomas. 2009. Environmental Studies. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. 10-12, 19-22, 65-69, 70-75, 127-135, 141, 145 p. 

-M.C.
7663041

Blog #1

Reading Summaries:
Selection 42-Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed:
This reading, by Jared Diamond expresses the need for our society to change the way we are taking care of the environment because the history of it, is not good. He points out eight specific categories of past environmental problems: 

• Deforestation
• Soil Problems
• Water Management Problems
• Overhunting
• Introduced Species on native land
• Human Population growth
• Increased per capita impact of people

Now, these categories are quite common and today we have these 8 problems plus 4 more:

• Human-caused climate change
• Build-up of toxic chemicals in the environment
• Energy Shortages
• Full human utilization of the Earth's photosynthetic capacity

As you can see, if we continue to proceed at the same rate, even more problems will be added to the list. Diamond also states that there is a difference between today's problems and past problems because of the advancements in technology today.

Selection 38-Human Carrying Capacity:
This excerpt by Joel E. Cohen is a reflection on the world's actual carrying capacity, as a major problem. He uses Easter Island as a prime example as the whole island became isolated. There are many environmental issues on the island such as deforestation, famine, warfare, and population decline to mention a few that he stated. Cohen explains that there cannot be one specific number to place on human carrying capacity. Also, like the other 2 readings, this problem must be solved by voluntary human effort to change. Every individual will change their actions at unique paces. He makes it very clear that we must change the way we live, in order to make any changes to human carrying capacity. 
Selection 7-The Tragedy of the Commons: 
This essay, written by Garrett Hardin raises very important issues that not only affect the environment, but our society as well. Basically, Hardin explains that at the rate our world is going currently, a dramatic change in behaviour is required from the people of our society today. For example, the property rights that people are given often include streams or lakes within the property boundaries. As Hardin discusses, people do not take responsibility for polluting those streams and see it as their 'natural right'. There is something wrong with the mindset that our society has in regards to this and unfortunately a 'technical change' will not be sufficient. A technical change is a change that doesn't require human demands, but rather is natural as Hardin also explains.  
The following video from youtube demonstrates further information on Garrett Hardin's principles: 


Activity:
Movie: John Francis Walks the Earth

This video was John Francis explaining his experience of being silent for 17 years and not using motorized vehicles. He was inspired to do so after watching 2 oil barrels spilling into a lake early in his life. His story is quite inspiring because he actually physically did what he believed so strongly in. John Francis says that he began listening while being silent; something he had not done all his life. He learned that how we as individuals treat each other reflects how we treat the environment. It was at this point of realization that he decided to speak again because he wanted to share this with the world. Also, he realized that he needed to change the fact that he walked everywhere. Walking was comfortable for him, he did not know who he would be if he changed. This was his message to us as a society-that we have to actually 'get to the place to who we are becoming.' As he put it: "we have to change now."


Reflection:
I thought the video I viewed (John Francis Walks the Earth) was very inspiring. It inspired me to change some of my habits in hopes to become more environmentally friendly. I will not take it to the same extent as John Francis, but will definitely be conscious of what I am doing and not doing for the earth. He also stirred an important fact about how our relationship with each other reflects our relationship with society. I thought this was extremely true, as it is up to us to take care of the environment. I thought his story was amazing and I think more people, including me, should raise this awareness by simply recycling, limiting use of cars, or just appreciating the beauty of the Earth. 
The three readings assigned for this blog were all quite different, but I felt they had similar concepts as well. They all discussed how it is up to people to change when it comes to environmental concerns. Whether it be realizing the issue of human carrying capacity, making wise choices for the future of our environment, or actually changing our actions to better the environment. These readings have inspired me as well to change my behaviour, because the authors really emphasize the severity of the issues raised and discussed that I had not realized before. 


Blog Reflection #1: How well does the media do in each of the areas of critical thinking?
According to the CTV news (December 22, 2010), reports of lead in lululemon althetica's bags claiming have been discovered. The article does a good job of clarity, breadth, relevance and logic.  The criteria, precision, and accuracy has not quite been met. When I first saw this issue, I was not sure if it was accurate. In the article, there is no evidence that there actually is lead in the bags. Also, there is not a lot of detail included, which is very hard to follow. Lululemon did not want to share a lot of information about the bags as well. I think this article shows how the news often 'covers up' a lot of the details in stories not only to draw our attention but to make the story sound worse than it actually is. A lot of people would believe that article right away and stop buying Lululemon products, but I think our society needs to step back and really examine the issue before drawing conclusions.
The link to this article is: http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Health/20101222/lululemon-recall-101222/

Blog Reflection #2: Is there a danger to a growing disconnect from nature?
Yes, I think disconnecting from nature is very dangerous because we were created to be in nature. If our world does not take time to enjoy the beauty of the outdoors, it will negatively effect us physically. We, as humans are drawn to nature because it brings a peace or relief of the business of life today. After thinking about this blog reflection question, it made me think that life is beyond the schooling, money, etc. that we have made priority in our lives. We must enjoy and connect with nature because it is who we are as humans. Because our society is so developed, there is no chance of disregarding the developed world but we can take steps to become more connected with nature-after all, its in our roots and is the most comfortable place for us to be in!

Works Cited

             The Canadian Press. Wired[Online] Avail from: http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Health/20101222/lululemon-recall-101222/ CTV News: Lead Concerns prompt recall of Lululemon bags. [2010, Dec 22]

            John Francis. Wired[Online] Avail from: http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/john_francis_walks_the_earth.html TED: John Francis walks the Earth. [2008, Feb]

            Easton, T. 2009. Classic Edition Sources: Environmental Studies. Volume 3. New York: McGraw Hill Companies. [23-27, 193-196, 213-218]

-M.C.
7663041